Part of Speech

Noun, Verb

Pronunciation

/ˈʧɪkən/ (chik-uhn)

Definitions

• Noun: A domesticated fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) raised for its eggs or meat.
• Noun: A person regarded as cowardly or easily frightened.
• Verb (Informal): To avoid something or someone out of fear or reluctance.

Usage Examples

• "I had grilled chicken for dinner last night."
• "Stop being such a chicken and go talk to her!"
• "He chickened out of the race at the last minute."

Etymology

From Middle English "chiken," derived from Old English "cicen," which is from Proto-Germanic *kukkīną (a term for a young fowl or chick). The term "chicken" originally referred to a young bird, but over time, it began to be used for both the animal and its meat, as well as to describe a timid or fearful person.

Synonyms

• Poultry
• Fowl
• Hen (when referring to the female)
• Coward (when used to describe a person)

Antonyms

• Brave
• Courageous
• Valiant
• Heroic

Translations

Regional Pronunciation Variations

The pronunciation of "chicken" remains largely the same across English-speaking regions. However, some accents may slightly alter the vowel sounds or stress. For example, in British English, the vowel sound in "chicken" may sound shorter, while in American English, it is often slightly elongated. The term "chicken" in slang, referring to a coward, is universally recognized but can have regional variations in tone or usage.

Historical Usage

The word "chicken" has been in use since Old English, originally referring to a young bird. In the 14th century, it began to be applied to the meat of the bird. Over time, it also developed a figurative meaning, particularly in the United States, where it became a slang term for a person who is fearful or cowardly. The practice of raising chickens for eggs and meat dates back thousands of years, with evidence suggesting domestication occurred in Southeast Asia around 8,000 years ago.

Cultural Nuances

In many cultures, chickens hold significant cultural and religious symbolism. For instance, in Christianity, the rooster (a male chicken) symbolizes vigilance and resurrection. Chickens are also central to many culinary traditions worldwide, serving as a staple source of protein. The term "chicken" also appears in various idiomatic expressions, such as "running around like a chicken with its head cut off" (meaning to be disoriented or frenzied), or "don't count your chickens before they hatch" (meaning not to assume the outcome of a situation prematurely).

More Information

The chicken has been domesticated for its eggs and meat for thousands of years, making it one of the most widespread and commonly raised livestock species globally. It is a vital source of nutrition in many cultures and an important aspect of agricultural economies. The industrialization of chicken farming, particularly in the 20th century, has led to the development of mass production techniques that make chicken a readily available and inexpensive food source. Furthermore, chickens play an integral role in various cuisines, from fried chicken in the U.S. to curry chicken in India, showcasing its versatility in cooking.