Part of Speech

Adjective

Pronunciation

/ˌʃoʊvɪˈnɪstɪk/

Definitions

• Displaying or feeling an excessive or prejudiced loyalty or support for one's own cause, group, or country.
• Characterized by the belief in the superiority of one’s own gender, race, or group, often at the expense of others.

Usage Examples

• The chauvinistic behavior of the leader alienated many of his allies.
• Her chauvinistic views on women's roles in society made her unpopular among progressives.
• The country's chauvinistic policies have led to strained relations with its neighbors.

Etymology

The word "chauvinistic" derives from the character of Nicolas Chauvin, a soldier in Napoleon's army, who was known for his extreme devotion to Napoleon. The term was originally used to describe excessive patriotism, but it gradually broadened to refer to any excessive, biased loyalty or support, particularly with a belief in the superiority of one's own group over others.

Synonyms

• Nationalistic
• Jingoistic
• Bigoted
• Prejudiced
• Partisan

Antonyms

• Inclusive
• Tolerant
• Unbiased
• Equal
• Progressive

Translations

Regional Pronunciation Variations

• American English: /ˌʃoʊvɪˈnɪstɪk/
• British English: /ˌʃəʊvɪˈnɪstɪk/

Historical Usage

The term "chauvinistic" came into use in the 19th century, inspired by Nicolas Chauvin, a French soldier who was known for his exaggerated loyalty to Napoleon. Originally, it referred to extreme patriotism, but as the term evolved, it began to encompass any form of excessive or blind loyalty. Over time, it became particularly associated with the belief in the superiority of one group (often gender or nationality) over others. This modern usage carries a negative connotation and is often used to describe behavior that perpetuates inequality or discrimination.

Cultural Nuances

In contemporary society, the term "chauvinistic" is most commonly used to describe attitudes that support gender inequality, particularly male chauvinism. It is also used in political contexts to describe extreme nationalism or xenophobia. While chauvinism was historically more accepted, today it is widely regarded as harmful and socially divisive. Social movements advocating for gender equality, human rights, and multiculturalism aim to challenge and dismantle chauvinistic attitudes, promoting more inclusive and equal societies.

More Information

Chauvinism, in its various forms, contributes to social inequality, discrimination, and hostility between groups. While it has been a feature of many societies throughout history, the modern understanding of chauvinism emphasizes the need for greater acceptance of diversity and equality. Overcoming chauvinistic beliefs requires education, social advocacy, and a commitment to justice and equality. Many countries have enacted laws to combat gender, racial, and national chauvinism, promoting inclusivity and human rights at local, national, and global levels.