Part of Speech

Verb

Pronunciation

/kəˈlʌm.ni.eɪt/

Definitions

• 1. To make false and malicious statements about someone with the intent to damage their reputation.
• 2. To accuse falsely or to slander.

Usage Examples

• She was calumniated by her rival in an attempt to ruin her career.
• The politician was calumniated in the media, which led to public distrust.

Etymology

Originating from the Latin word "calumniare," meaning "to accuse falsely" or "to slander." It is derived from "calumnia," meaning "false accusation" or "slander," which ultimately traces back to "calvus" (meaning "bald," referring metaphorically to being stripped of one's good name).

Synonyms

• Slander
• Defame
• Libel
• Vilify
• Disparage

Antonyms

• Praise
• Compliment
• Honor
• Uplift

Translations

Regional Pronunciation Variations

In some dialects, especially in the southern parts of the United States, the pronunciation may slightly vary with a more drawn-out first syllable: /kəˈlʌm.niː.eɪt/.

Historical Usage

Historically, calumniating was considered a serious offense in many societies, particularly in ancient Rome, where public accusations could ruin someone's reputation permanently. In medieval Europe, calumny was often a subject of legal disputes and was punishable by law, as it was seen as a grave threat to social order.

Cultural Nuances

The act of calumniating is considered one of the lowest forms of behavior in many cultures. It can destroy relationships, careers, and public trust. In some societies, a false accusation is seen as worse than physical violence, as it targets a person's honor and dignity, which are central to their social standing.

More Information

Calumniating is often a tactic used in political warfare, business rivalries, and personal vendettas. It is a deliberate attempt to harm someone's reputation without the facts to back up the accusations. In modern times, calumny can occur through social media and mass media, where false information can spread quickly and widely, causing irreversible damage to individuals or groups.