Part of Speech

Noun

Pronunciation

/ˈʃoʊvɪnɪzəm/

Definitions

• noun: An exaggerated or excessive patriotism or loyalty to one's country, often to the detriment of others.
• noun: A belief in the superiority of one's own group, gender, or cause, typically associated with prejudice against others.
• noun: A form of aggressive or bellicose nationalism or jingoism that seeks to assert the dominance of one nation over others.

Usage Examples

• The rise of chauvinism in the region led to increased tensions with neighboring countries.
• Her chauvinism toward other cultures made her unpopular at the international conference.
• Chauvinistic attitudes are often seen in political rhetoric that places one's own country above all others.

Etymology

The term "chauvinism" is derived from the name of Nicolas Chauvin, a soldier in Napoleon Bonaparte's army who was known for his extreme, unquestioning devotion to Napoleon. Originally used to describe excessive patriotism, it evolved to represent any form of blind loyalty to a group or cause, leading to its modern association with intolerance and prejudice.

Synonyms

• Nationalism
• Jingoism
• Patriotism
• Bigotry
• Superiority complex

Antonyms

• Internationalism
• Cosmopolitanism
• Tolerance
• Open-mindedness
• Equality

Translations

Regional Pronunciation Variations

• American English: /ˈʃoʊvɪnɪzəm/
• British English: /ˈʃəʊvɪnɪzəm/

Historical Usage

The term "chauvinism" originated in the 19th century in France, referring to the extreme patriotism of Nicolas Chauvin, a soldier who was ardently devoted to Napoleon Bonaparte. Initially used to describe blind loyalty to a national leader, it later broadened to represent excessive and often intolerant nationalism, with connotations of superiority. Over time, the term expanded beyond political contexts to include gender-based chauvinism, referring to the belief in the inherent superiority of one gender, often used in reference to male dominance over women.

Cultural Nuances

Chauvinism has often been viewed negatively, as it typically involves an irrational or bigoted sense of national or group superiority. In modern times, it is frequently associated with extreme forms of nationalism, where a person or group prioritizes their own interests over the well-being or rights of others. Gender-based chauvinism, particularly male chauvinism, has been a significant issue, contributing to gender inequality and discrimination. In the political arena, chauvinism can be dangerous, leading to aggressive policies and exclusionary practices that harm international relations and domestic harmony.

More Information

Chauvinism, as a form of excessive loyalty or belief in superiority, can manifest in different spheres of life, including politics, gender relations, and even in the workplace or social settings. The rise of populist and nationalist movements around the world has highlighted the dangers of chauvinism in modern times. The negative impact of chauvinism extends beyond just creating divisions between groups, as it often leads to prejudice, discrimination, and a lack of tolerance for diversity. Combatting chauvinism involves fostering mutual respect, understanding, and cooperation among different groups, both at a national and global level.