Egoism

Part of Speech

Noun

Pronunciation

IPA: /ˈiːɡoʊɪzəm/ or /ˈɛɡoʊɪzəm/

Definitions

1. The ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality.
2. An excessive preoccupation with one's own welfare and interests at the expense of others.

Usage Examples

• Philosophers debate whether egoism can be a viable moral philosophy.
• His decisions were often driven by egoism rather than empathy.

Etymology

Derived from "ego" (Latin for "I, self") and "-ism" (a suffix denoting a system of belief), first recorded in the 18th century in philosophical discourse.

Synonyms

• Self-interest
• Narcissism
• Self-centeredness
• Individualism

Antonyms

• Altruism
• Selflessness
• Generosity
• Philanthropy

Translations

Regional Pronunciation Variations

• British English: /ˈiːɡəʊɪzəm/
• American English: /ˈiːɡoʊɪzəm/
• Australian English: /ˈɛɡoʊɪzəm/
• Indian English: /ˈɛɡoʊɪzəm/

Historical Usage

Egoism has been a topic of philosophical discussion since ancient Greece, particularly in the works of thinkers like Aristotle and Epicurus. It became a prominent ethical theory during the Enlightenment period, with figures such as Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Rand advocating forms of rational self-interest.

Cultural Nuances

While egoism is often perceived negatively in collectivist cultures, it is sometimes seen as a necessary component of success in highly individualistic societies. In business and economics, egoistic behavior is sometimes associated with competition and innovation.

More Information

Egoism exists in multiple philosophical forms, including ethical egoism, which argues that self-interest is morally right, and psychological egoism, which suggests that all human actions are ultimately driven by self-interest. Understanding egoism helps in debates about ethics, psychology, and societal values.