Part of Speech

Adjective

Pronunciation

/əˈfreɪd/ (uh-fraid)

Definitions

1. Feeling fear or anxiety about something or someone.
2. Worried that something bad will happen.
3. Reluctant or hesitant to do something due to fear or apprehension.

Usage Examples

• She was afraid to walk alone at night.
• He was afraid of losing his job.
• The children were afraid of the dark.

Etymology

Derived from Middle English "afraid," originating from Old English "afred," which means "to be afraid." The word is formed from "a-" (a prefix denoting state or condition) and "fræstan," meaning "to frighten" or "to alarm." The root is connected to the Proto-Germanic word "fretan" meaning "to consume or destroy," implying a state of being consumed by fear.

Synonyms

• Fearful
• Scared
• Terrified
• Apprehensive
• Frightened

Antonyms

• Brave
• Courageous
• Confident
• Fearless

Translations

Regional Pronunciation Variations

• American English: /əˈfreɪd/
• British English: /əˈfreɪd/
• Australian English: /əˈfreɪd/

Historical Usage

The word "afraid" has been used in English since the early 13th century. It was commonly used to describe a person who felt anxiety, fear, or dread. The modern sense of "afraid" as a reaction to a perceived threat or danger has remained consistent over time. Historically, the term was often used in religious and moral texts to describe fear of divine judgment or evil forces.

Cultural Nuances

In different cultures, the concept of being "afraid" can take on various connotations. In some cultures, fear is viewed as a weakness, while in others, it may be seen as a natural and protective instinct. The term "afraid" may also have different cultural implications based on the context—whether in reference to personal safety, societal norms, or existential fears. In some cultures, bravery and fearlessness are highly valued, leading to a cultural stigma around expressing fear.

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