Part of Speech

Adjective

Pronunciation

/ˈɪrɪtəbl/

Definitions

• Feeling or showing easily angered or annoyed behavior.
• Prone to being upset or angered by small things.
• Responsive to stimuli, sometimes excessively, especially in a way that is characterized by irritability.

Usage Examples

• "She was irritable after a long day at work and snapped at her friends."
• "His irritable mood worsened due to lack of sleep and stress."
• "The child became irritable when he was hungry and tired."

Etymology

The word "irritable" comes from the Latin word "irritabilis," meaning "able to be excited" or "prone to irritation," from "irritare," meaning "to provoke." The term was first used in English in the early 17th century to describe a tendency to become easily excited or annoyed, initially in medical contexts and later applied more generally to emotional and behavioral states.

Synonyms

• Short-tempered
• Touchy
• Cranky
• Petulant
• Impatient
• Edgy

Antonyms

• Calm
• Patient
• Tranquil
• Composed
• Serene
• Even-tempered

Translations

Regional Pronunciation Variations

• In American English: /ˈɪrɪtəbl/
• In British English: /ˈɪrɪtəbl/
• In Australian English: /ˈɪrɪtəbl/

Historical Usage

The term "irritable" first appeared in the early 1600s, initially used in medical contexts to describe a condition where a person was unusually sensitive to stimuli, especially irritants. Over time, it came to be used more generally to describe anyone prone to anger or annoyance. The concept of irritability has remained significant in both psychology and everyday life as a way to explain emotional responses to stress or discomfort.

Cultural Nuances

In many cultures, being irritable is often associated with stress or mental health challenges, and people who are considered "irritable" may be seen as less patient or tolerant. In some cultures, irritability is stigmatized, especially in women, where it may be linked to emotional instability. However, in other cultures, irritability may be seen as a natural response to external pressures, such as long working hours or stressful living conditions. In recent times, discussions around mental health have helped to shift the perception of irritability, recognizing it as a symptom of underlying conditions like anxiety, depression, or burnout.

More Information

Irritability is often a short-term emotional response to stress, discomfort, or frustration. It can result from a variety of factors including physical illness, lack of sleep, or unresolved emotional issues. It is also a common symptom in mood disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder. Understanding the causes of irritability is crucial for managing it effectively. Techniques such as stress management, therapy, mindfulness, and medication can help reduce feelings of irritability. Individuals who experience chronic irritability may benefit from a professional evaluation to determine underlying causes and to develop appropriate treatment strategies.