The cervix is the lower part of the uterus, located at the top of the vagina. It serves as a passageway between the uterus and the vagina, playing a crucial role in reproduction. During childbirth, the cervix dilates to allow the baby to pass through. Additionally, the cervix produces mucus that changes consistency throughout the menstrual cycle, helping to facilitate or prevent sperm from entering the uterus.
In medical practice, the cervix is often examined for signs of infection, abnormal growths, or conditions such as cervical cancer. The cervix is also the site of procedures like the Pap smear, which helps detect pre-cancerous changes in cervical cells, and the insertion of intrauterine devices (IUDs) for contraception.
With advancements in medical technology, screening for cervical cancer has become a key component of preventive healthcare for women worldwide. These screenings aim to detect abnormal cells early, when treatment is most effective. The introduction of the HPV vaccine has also contributed significantly to reducing the incidence of cervical cancer in many countries.