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hardly

Part of Speech

Adverb

Pronunciation

/ˈhɑːrdli/

Definitions

  • Adverb: Barely, or only just; in a way that is difficult or improbable.
  • Adverb: Almost not, or only to a small extent.
  • Adverb: In a manner that suggests reluctance or resistance.

Usage Examples

  • She could hardly believe the news when it was told to her.
  • The food was hardly edible after being left out all night.
  • The students hardly participated in the discussion.

Etymology

The word "hardly" comes from Middle English "hordely," which is a combination of "hard" (meaning "difficult" or "severe") and the suffix "-ly," denoting manner or degree. Its usage evolved in the 14th century to express the idea of something being barely true or difficult to accomplish.

Synonyms

  • Barely
  • Scarcely
  • Almost not
  • Rarely
  • Just
  • Only just

Antonyms

  • Readily
  • Fully
  • Completely
  • Easily
  • Frequently

Translations

Language Translation Pronunciation
Spanish Apesadumbradamente /ape-sa-dum-bra-da-men-te/
French À peine /a pɛ̃/
German Kaum /kaʊm/
Italian A malapena /a ma-la-pe-na/
Portuguese Mal /maʊ/
Russian Едва /yed-va/
Mandarin 几乎不 /jīhū bù/
Arabic نادراً /nādiran/
Japanese ほとんど~ない /hotondo~nai/
Korean 거의 ~않다 /geoui ~anta/
Hindi मुश्किल से /mushkil se/
Bengali প্রায় নয় /prāẏa nāẏa/
Punjabi ਕਿਂਵਾਂ ਕਦੇ /kiṁvāṁ kadē/
Gujarati અલ્ગે /aḻgē/
Marathi दुरुस्त नाही /durasṭa nāhī/
Malayalam ഒരുപോലെ /orupōle/
Tamil தொடர்பான /toṭarpāṉa/
Telugu ధారావాహిక /dhārāvāhika/
Kannada ಗಂಭೀರ /gambhīra/
Odia ପ୍ରାୟ /prāẏa/
Assamese অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত /antorbhukta/
Sinhala ඉතා අඩු /ithā aḍu/

Regional Pronunciation Variations

In some dialects of English, particularly in the UK, "hardly" may be pronounced with a more distinct emphasis on the "d" sound, while in American English, the pronunciation may be softer, with the "d" barely heard.

Historical Usage

The word "hardly" has been used since the 14th century to describe actions or conditions that are barely achievable or to describe something done with difficulty. Its usage in everyday speech has remained fairly consistent, often indicating a lack of sufficiency or an extreme rarity.

Cultural Nuances

In various cultures, the use of the word "hardly" emphasizes scarcity or difficulty, often used to reflect the challenges of life or the rarity of events. In English idioms, it may be used to express disbelief or surprise, particularly when describing something that is unexpected or unusual.

More Information

While "hardly" is commonly used in negative constructions, it can also be used in a variety of informal contexts to emphasize rarity or improbable occurrences. It reflects the English language's tendency to form complex, subtle expressions through adverbial use.

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