Cynic

Part of Speech

Noun

Pronunciation

/ˈsɪnɪk/ (English)

Definitions

1. A person who believes that people are motivated purely by self-interest rather than acting for honorable or unselfish reasons.
2. A member of a school of ancient Greek philosophers, the Cynics, who believed that virtue was the only good and that self-control was the key to happiness.

Usage Examples

• He was a cynic who doubted the sincerity of charitable donations.
• The ancient cynics rejected wealth and luxury in pursuit of virtue.

Etymology

From Latin Cynicus, from Greek Kynikos (κυνικός), meaning "dog-like," referring to the behavior of the Cynic philosophers who lived simply, often compared to stray dogs.

Synonyms

• Skeptic
• Pessimist
• Disbeliever

Antonyms

• Optimist
• Idealist
• Believer

Translations

Regional Pronunciation Variations

• British English: /ˈsɪnɪk/
• American English: /ˈsɪnɪk/

Historical Usage

The term "cynic" originally referred to an ancient Greek philosophical school led by Diogenes, known for rejecting societal norms and embracing a life of simplicity and virtue. Over time, the term evolved to mean someone who distrusts human sincerity and motives.

Cultural Nuances

In modern times, "cynic" is often used to describe individuals who are critical of institutions, leaders, and social expectations. While sometimes seen as negative, cynicism can also reflect a realistic or pragmatic perspective.

More Information

The philosophy of the ancient Cynics emphasized self-sufficiency, rejection of materialism, and a focus on virtue. Their influence can still be seen in modern existentialist and minimalist movements. The contemporary meaning of "cynic" as a distrustful person reflects a shift from its original philosophical roots.